The main cause of periodontal disease is bacteria in the form of a sticky, colourless plaque that constantly forms on your teeth; however, many other factors can cause periodontal disease or influence its progression.

Non-Surgical Treatment

Periodontal health should be achieved in the least invasive and most cost-effective manner. This is often accomplished through non-surgical periodontal treatment which includes meticulous oral hygiene measures,  debridement and root planing (a careful cleaning of the root surfaces to remove plaque and  calculus from deep periodontal pockets and to smooth the tooth root to remove bacterial toxins), with adjunctive therapy such as local delivery of antimicrobials.

In majority of the cases patients having undergone a course of non-surgical initial periodontal treatment do not require any further active treatment. However, the patients normally require ongoing maintenance therapy to sustain health. Non-surgical therapy does have its limitations, however, and when it does not achieve periodontal health, periodontal surgery may be indicated to restore periodontal anatomy damaged by periodontal diseases and to facilitate oral hygiene practices.

Periodontal Surgery

If you're diagnosed with periodontal disease, your periodontist may recommend periodontal surgery. Periodontal surgery is necessary when your periodontist determines that the tissue around your teeth is unhealthy and cannot be repaired with non-surgical treatment. Following are the four types of surgical treatments most commonly prescribed:

Pocket Reduction Surgery

Regenerative Procedures

Crown Lengthening

Soft Tissue Grafts